LIVING SYSTEMS INTELLIGENCE

Ecosystems/Woodlands

EcosystemEC_WOODLANDS

Woodlands

Living System

Human Translation

Land with a loose, open cover of trees.

Species2

African Savanna ElephantEcosystem engineer Western Honey BeePollinator

Ecological Functions5

Seed Dispersal Habitat Engineering Water Engineering Herbivory Pollination

Ecosystem Services6

Forest Regeneration Ecosystem Stability Landscape Structure Water Security Biodiversity Maintenance Food Production

Recipients8

ForestsWild PlantsBiodiversityWatershedsHumansFreshwater SystemsFarmsFood Systems

Human Systems Depending On It4

Food System Water System Healthcare System Financial System

Threats10

PoachingExploitation Ivory TradeExploitation Habitat FragmentationHabitat Human–Wildlife ConflictExploitation Blocked MigrationHabitat DroughtClimate PesticidesPollution Parasites & DiseaseDisease Forage LossHabitat Climate ChangeClimate

Threat Drivers8

Ivory MarketInfrastructure & RoadsHuman SettlementWater StressPesticide UseIntroduced Pests & PathogensIntensive AgricultureGlobal Warming

Solutions13

Anti-Poaching Enforcement Community Conservation Wildlife Corridors Landscape Planning Protected Area Management Livestock Conflict Reduction Water Access Protection Pesticide Reduction Pollinator Habitat Diverse Farming Bee Health Management Scientific Monitoring Climate Action

Missions3

SPECIESSpecies REWILDRewild FOODFood

Sources4

IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesHighCITES AppendicesHighSmithsonian InstitutionHighFAO — Pollinators & Food SystemsHigh

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