LIVING SYSTEMS INTELLIGENCE

Ecosystems/Coastal Marine

EcosystemEC_COASTAL_MARINE

Coastal Marine

Living System

Human Translation

Productive shallow seas close to shore.

Species2

OrcaMarine apex predator Polar BearSea-ice predator

Ecological Functions2

Predation Nutrient Cycling

Ecosystem Services3

Ecosystem Stability Biodiversity Maintenance Ocean Productivity

Recipients4

BiodiversityForestsWild PlantsFisheries

Human Systems Depending On It2

Healthcare System Financial System

Threats9

Prey DepletionExploitation Chemical PollutionPollution Noise PollutionPollution Vessel DisturbanceDisturbance BycatchExploitation Climate ChangeClimate Captivity TradeExploitation Sea Ice LossClimate Human–Wildlife ConflictExploitation

Threat Drivers7

OverfishingIndustrial ChemicalsShipping & Vessel TrafficCommercial FisheriesGlobal WarmingCaptivity IndustryHuman Settlement

Solutions11

Prey Recovery Pollution Control Marine Protected Areas Vessel Regulation Fisheries Reform Population Monitoring Underwater Noise Reduction Captivity Phase-Out Climate Action Livestock Conflict Reduction Protected Area Management

Missions4

WH4LESWhales SPECIESSpecies REWILDRewild CLIM4TEClimate

Sources5

IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesHighCITES AppendicesHighNOAA FisheriesHighInternational Whaling CommissionHighSmithsonian InstitutionHigh

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